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Table of Contents
Overview of text classification in SYN2015
Texts in the SYN2015 corpus are divided into three main groups (txtype_group):
- FIC: fiction
- NFC: non-fiction
- NMG: newspapers and magazines
Each of these groups makes up one third of all texts in the corpus.
1. Fiction
Changes with regard to the previous SYN series classification:
- The fiction (FIC) category is further divided on the
txtype
level into novels and novellas (NOV), short story collections (COL), poetry (VER), drama and screenplays (SCR), and finally the category other (X), which cannot be placed in any of the above mentioned groups. For fiction, we have removed the explicit classification on thegenre
level, because fiction texts often tend to be either mixed genre or with no single defined genre; however, when selecting texts for the corpus, we did take into account an operative genre classification (e.g. detective novel, thriller/horror, sci-fi, fantasy, humour/satire etc.), in order to ensure that the selection of texts would be as varied as possible.
The new division of fiction (FIC) on the txtype level is:
- NOV: prose – novels and novellas
- COL: shorter prose – collections of short stories and other shorter prose texts (e.g. essays, blog entries etc.)
- VER: poetry – collections of poetry, marginally song lyrics
- SCR: drama - theatre plays, marginally also screenplays for film
- X: unclassified – works which cannot be clearly assigned to one of the above mentioned categories (e.g. mixed genre texts, collections of aphorisms, anecdotes, etc.)
2. Non-fiction
The most significant changes compared to the previous SYN series classification:
- Non-fiction (previously scientific) literature (NFC) reflects a certain level of „proficiency“ and specialization of the target audience, and consists of three main types (
txtype
): scientific (SCI), professional (PRO) and popular (POP) literature. This macrogroup should be understood as the opposite of fiction and journalistic texts: for this reason, it also contains administrative texts (ADM) in the broadest sense as well as a group of texts that are on the borderline between fiction and non-fiction, most typically memoirs and autobiographies (MEM). By changing the name of this group from scientific to the more general non-fiction we hope to achieve a more accurate representation of its heterogeneous contents, while the term scientific is now assigned only to academic texts (SCI). The newly defined category of professional literature (PRO) includes texts which are characterized by large quantities of practical information primarily intended for professionals in a given field. - Non-fiction literature newly contains an additional level for the SCI, PRO and POP txtype –
genre_group
, which was created by grouping together individual disciplines or fields into larger categories and makes it possible to analyze texts from similar or related fields together: humanities (HUM), social sciences (SSC), natural sciences (NAT) and technical sciences (FTS). - On the
genre
level, which contains the most detailed classification and reflects each specific field or discipline, the individual texts were classified in a way that would most accurately correspond with the subject categorization used by the National Library of the Czech Republic. The fields are featured in detail in the table below.
Non-fiction literature (NFC) on the txtype level is newly divided into:
- SCI: scientific literature – scientific texts, including academic publications and university textbooks
- PRO: professional literature – texts intended for professionals in a given field, including specialized periodicals (e.g. Logistika, Lékařské listy, Sestra, Zeměměřič, Stavitel, Konstrukce)
- POP: popular literature – texts intended for a lay audience with an interest in the field (e.g. Bydlí s námi sladkovodní želva, Botanické zahrady a arboreta České republiky, Praktický houbař)
- ADM: administrative texts – rules and regulations, meeting minutes, instructions and guidelines, annual reports, etc.
- MEM: memoirs, (auto)biographies – memoirs, (auto)biographies (with the exception of fictionalized autobiographies, which are included in the fiction category), written correspondence (e.g. Bojoval jsem u Berlína, Chirurgovy poznámky, Meda Mládková - Můj úžasný život)
Genre_group
The NFC category contains a new layer of classification, genre_group, which is relevant for texts in the SCI, PRO and POP categories. It was created by grouping together the individual fields (labelled genre in the CNC) into larger groups: humanities (HUM), social sciences (SSC), natural sciences (NAT) and formal and technical sciences (FTS), please refer to the table below.
On the genre
level, in other words the most detailed level of text classification, the individual texts (with very few exceptions) were classified in compliance with the subject-based categorization which is used in the National Library of the Czech Republic. Ambiguous cases were resolved through the consensus of several classifiers. The fields are shown in detail in the table below.
HUM: humanities | SSC: social sciences | NAT: natural sciences | FTS: formal and technical sciences | ITD: interdisciplinary |
---|---|---|---|---|
ANT: anthropology, etnography THE: theatre, film, dance PHI: philosophy, religion HIS: history LAN: philology INF: library and information science ART: art, architecture | ECO: economy, business, logistics POL: politics, military LAW: law PSY: psychology SOC: sociology REC: sports, recreation, hobbies EDU: education | BIO: biology PHY: physics GEO: geography, geology CHE: chemistry MED: medicine AGR: agriculture | MAT: mathematics TEC: technology ICT: information technology | ITD: interdisciplinary |
3. Publicistika
Nejvýznamnější změny oproti předchozím korpusům řady SYN:
- Původně monolitická publicistika (NMG) se nově dělí na úrovni
txtype
na publicistiku tradiční (NEW) a volnočasovou (LEI). Tradiční publicistika (typicky zpravodajské deníky) se dále na úrovnigenre
dělí na celostátní (NTW) a regionální (REG). Volnočasovou publicistiku (především různě zaměřené zájmové časopisy) rovněž na úrovnigenre
rozdělujeme tematicky do následujících skupin: bydlení, zahrada, hobby (HOU), životní styl (LIF), společenský život (SCT), sport (SPO), zahraniční zajímavosti (INT) a společnost (MIX). - Kde to bylo možné, jsou významné publicistické tituly vydané po roce 2010 nově podrobněji členěny (na úrovni článků) do tematických rubrik (atribut
text.section
): zpravodajství (zahraniční, domácí, regionální), politika, ekonomika, sport, kultura, volný čas, komentáře, krimi, společenský život a titulní strana.
Publicistika (NMG) se na úrovni txtype nově dělí na:
- NEW: tradiční publicistiku (důraz na aktuální zpravodajství, zprávy z politiky, dění doma i ve světě)
- LEI: volnočasovou publicistiku (především zájmové časopisy)
Tradiční publicistika (NEW)
Tradiční publicistika (NEW) se dělí na úrovni genre na:
- NTW: celostátní (např. Lidové noviny, Hospodářské noviny, Mladá fronta DNES, Právo, Respekt, Reflex)
- REG: regionální (např. Chrudimský zpravodaj, Kopřivnické noviny, Týnecké listy)
Volnočasová publicistika (LEI)
Volnočasová publicistika (LEI) se na úrovni genre dělí tematicky na:
- HOU: bydlení, zahrada, hobby (např. Bydlení, Chatař & chalupář, Blesk Hobby, Dům a zahrada)
- LIF: životní styl (např. Marianne, Elle, JOY, Esprit, Žena a život, Kondice, Maxim, Vlasta)
- SCT: společenský život (např. Blesk, Aha!, Story, Rytmus života)
- SPO: sport (např. Sport, Nedělní sport, Sport magazín, Sport GÓÓÓL!)
- INT: zajímavosti ze světa (např. 100+1 zahraniční zajímavost, ABC, Lidé a země, Geo, National Geographic Česko)
- MIX: společnost (např. Instinkt, Kraus, Květy, IN Magazín, Magazín Práva, Pátek Lidových novin)
Rubriky
U vybraných periodik (Mladá fronta Dnes, Právo, Hospodářské noviny, Lidové noviny, Deníky Bohemia, Týden, Deníky Moravia, Respekt, Regionální týdeník, Blesk, Dobrý den s kurýrem, Metro, E15, Jihlavské listy, Sedmička, Aha! neděle, Nedělní Blesk) jsou k dispozici informace o rubrice, v níž daný článek vyšel. Tato informace je uložena v atributu section, která charakterizuje strukturu <text>
a může nabývat těchto hodnot:
- zpravodajství
- zahraniční zpravodajství
- domácí zpravodajství
- regionální zpravodajství
- politika
- ekonomika
- sport
- kultura
- volný čas
- komentáře
- krimi
- společenský život
- titulní strana
Souhrnná klasifikace
Tabulka shrnuje klasifikaci textu do skupin podle atributů txtype_group
, txtype
, genre_group
a genre
.
txtype_group | txtype | genre_group | genre |
---|---|---|---|
FIC: fiction | NOV: novels | X: other | X: other |
COL: short stories | |||
VER: poetry | |||
SCR: drama, screenplays | |||
X: other | |||
NFC: non-fiction literature | SCI: scientific literature PRO: professional literature POP: popular literature | HUM: humanities | ANT: anthropology, etnography |
THE: theatre, film, dance | |||
PHI: philosophy, religion | |||
HIS: history, biography | |||
MUS: music | |||
LAN: philology | |||
INF: library and information science | |||
ART: art, architecture | |||
SSC: social sciences | ECO: economy, business, logistics | ||
POL: politics, military | |||
LAW: law | |||
PSY: psychology | |||
SOC: sociology | |||
REC: sports, recreation, hobbies | |||
EDU: education | |||
NAT: natural sciences | BIO: biology | ||
PHY: physics | |||
GEO: geography, geology | |||
CHE: chemistry | |||
MED: medicine | |||
AGR: agriculture | |||
FTS: formal and technical sciences | MAT: mathematics | ||
TEC: technology | |||
ICT: information technology | |||
ITD : interdisciplinary | ITD: interdisciplinary | ||
MEM: memoirs, autobiographies | MEM: memoirs, autobiographies | MEM: memoirs, autobiographies | |
ADM: administrative | ADM: administrative | ADM: administrative | |
NMG: newspapers and magazines | NEW: traditional journalistic texts | X: other | NTW: nationwide newspapers |
REG: regional newspapers | |||
LEI: leisure magazines | X: other | HOU: home, garden, hobbies | |
LIF: lifestyle | |||
SCT: social life | |||
SPO: sports | |||
INT: curiosities | |||
MIX: society |
Klasifikace textů je v SYN2015 doplněna o jejich další charakteristiky. Každý text má nově atribut médium, nabývající jednu z následujících hodnot:
- B: kniha
- J: časopis
- NWS: noviny
- OTH: jiná tiskovina
- REF: referenční příručka
- TXB: učební materiál
Dále vznikla i zcela nová kategorie udávající periodicitu daného titulu, která nabývá těchto hodnot:
- BI: nižší než měsíčník
- DA: deník
- MO: měsíčník
- NP: neperiodická publikace
- WE: týdeník, čtrnáctideník
V atributu audience je uvedena informace o věku předpokládaného čtenáře textu: rozlišujeme texty určené pro obecné publikum (GEN) a dětem a mládeži (JUN).
Nově lze také u každého textu dohledat pohlaví autora (authsex), případně překladatele (transsex): žena (F), muž (M), neuvedeno (X).
Stejně jako v předešlých korpusech patří mezi metainformace o textu samozřejmě název díla (title
), autor (author
), překladatel (translator
), rok vydání (pubyear
), rok prvního vydání (first_published
), zdrojový jazyk (srclang
) a další charakteristiky.
The share of text types in the corpus
Although all categories are taken into account when making a balanced corpus, in order for the resulting corpus to be as varied as possible, the basic framework for determining the share of text types consists only of the categories txtype_group
, txtype
and genre_group
. The proportions of the individual categories were selected rather pragmatically based on the texts which the CNC had at its disposal from publishers and other sources of texts.
txtype | genre / genre_group | category | percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Fiction (FIC) | 33.33 % | ||
NOV | novels | 26 % | |
COL | short stories | 5 % | |
VER | poetry | 1 % | |
SCR | drama | 1 % | |
X | other fiction | 0.33 % | |
Non-fiction (NFC) | 33.33 % | ||
SCI/PRO/POP | HUM | humanities | 7 % |
SSC | social sciences | 7 % | |
NAT | natural sciences | 7 % | |
FTS | formal and technical sciences | 7 % | |
ITD | interdisciplinary | 1 % | |
MEM | memoirs, autobiographies | 4 % | |
ADM | administrative texts | 0.33 % | |
Newspapers and magazines (NMG) | 33.33 % | ||
NEW | NTW | national newspapers – specific (MF, LN, HN, Právo) | 10 % |
NTW | national newspapers – other | 5 % | |
REG | regional newspapers | 5 % | |
LEI | leisure magazines | 13.33 % |
— Václav Cvrček, Michal Křen, Anna Čermáková, Lucie Chlumská, Michal Škrabal, Dominika Kováříková