en:manualy:morfio - Příručka ČNK

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====== Morfio ======

{{ kurz:morfio-logo.png?nolink&200|}}

The //[[https://morfio.korpus.cz|Morfio]]// application serves to give estimates of the extent and productivity of morphological models in Czech based on corpus data. It is therefore a tools which can be used in morphological research, especially for the study of derivation.

Morfio is an online application and is accessible without  [[en:kurz:zaciname|registration]] to all users at  **[[http://kwords.korpus.cz|kwords.korpus.cz]]**. 


The application includes a detailed manual and description of displayed results. Just like in other applications (e.g. [[en:manualy:syd|SyD]]),  Morfio provides a permanent link leading to the input query, which is therefore appropriate for sharing and citing.

===== Principle =====

Generally every morphological relation -- excluding the semantic component, which cannot be easily grasped computationally -- is created by two other factors:

  - a formal congurence/similarity in particular parts of the word, so-called **bases** (e.g. //dřev-// is held in common by the words //dřevo// and //dřevěný//) 
  - formal differences in specific parts, so-called **formants** (morphs //-o// and //-ěný// from the previous example). 

The aim of the Morfio application is to find all pairs (also groups of three or four), units in the corpus, which have an identical base and differ only in specified formants (and also possible selected sound/phoneme alterations). 

The above example of a morphological model equals pairs of words where the first is a noun ending in //-o// in the nom. sg., and the second word ending in //-ený// nebo //-ěný// in the nom. sg. masc. The base of both words remains unspecified, however it must remain the same in both words. In the results we find pairs of [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemmas]] (or [[en:pojmy:word|word forms]], depending on the initial settings), which fulfil the given condition both semantically and formally:

''dřevo - dřevěný,\\
olovo - olověný,\\
síto - sítěný''

However, we can also find cases where no morphological motivation can be identified:

''milo - milený,\\
živo - živený,\\
dělo - dělený''

Unlike the regular [[wp>onomasiology|onomasiological]] approach (meaning → form), when working with a corpus that is not semantically tagged we must  begin with the form (a [[wp>semasiology|semasiological]] approach). This can pose several problems (e.g. in the case of[[wp>homonym|homonymy]]) whose solutions are outside the scope of this tool and require manual analysis carried out by linguists.

The output of the Morfio application is not and cannot be free of errors and without any further adjustments, revisions and linguistic manipulations cannot generate directly publishable results. It is rather a tool which can rework a large amount of data for linguistic purposes, making analysis faster and more accessible for researchers. Stejně jako u jiných korpusových vyhledávačů je tedy cílem pouze snadné dosažení 100% úspěšnosti hledání daného typu ([[pojmy:recall|recall]]) a přehledné setřídění výsledků, zatímco jejich relevantnost ([[pojmy:precision|precision]]) je zcela ponechána na úsudku uživatele: tj. samotné formulaci dotazu a následném vyhodnocení nálezů.

==== Alternace ====


Vyžadovat přesnou formální shodu mezi jednotlivými členy slovotvorného modelu by bylo v jazyce, jako je čeština, nepraktické. V rámci slovotvorných procesů dochází totiž často k pravidelným změnám hlásek v bázi, k tzv. **alternacím**. Aplikace Morfio s alternacemi počítá a jejich rozsah je možné nastavit (např. jde o tyto záměny //e -- é//: //letět -- létat//; //i -- e//: //prosit -- prošen//; r -- ř: //starý -- stařec//; //sk -- šť//: //český -- čeština// apod.).

===== Application images =====

[{{:kurz:morfio-vysledky.png?direct&200|Query and output screen}}]
[{{:kurz:morfio-retrograd.png?direct&200|Retrograde sorting of the results}}]
[{{:kurz:morfio-prod.png?direct&200|An estimate of the productivity of the individual types}}]
[{{:kurz:morfio-help.png?direct&200|Morfio application help}}]

==== Related links ====

<WRAP round box 49%>
[[en:manualy:kontext:index|KonText interface]] • [[en:manualy:syd|SyD]] • [[en:manualy:kwords|KWords]] • [[en:manualy:treq|Treq]] • [[en:pojmy:korpusovy_manazer|Corpus manager]] • [[en:pojmy:nastroje|Corpus tools]]
</WRAP>
Trace: • parlcorp • verze6 • gen2 • prep • subkorpusy • verbtag • negace • morfio • verze9
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