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| en:pojmy:ud [2024/10/03 12:03] – [Tutorials and lectures about UD] alexandrrosen | en:pojmy:ud [2026/10/07 21:01] (current) – [Coordination] rosen |
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| ====== Universal Dependencies – UD ====== | ====== Universal Dependencies – UD ====== |
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| [[https://universaldependencies.org|Universal Dependencies]] is a an open international project aiming at linguistic annotation consistent across different languages. Some recent versions of the [[en:cnk:intercorp|InterCorp]] parallel corpus ([[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|13ud]] and [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze16ud|16ud]]) have been annotated in terms of morphological categories, syntactic functions and syntactic structure following the UD guidelines and using the tools developed within the UD project. | [[https://universaldependencies.org|Universal Dependencies]] is a an open international project aiming at linguistic annotation consistent across different languages. Some recent versions of the [[en:cnk:intercorp|InterCorp]] parallel corpus ([[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|13ud]], [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze16ud|16ud]], [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze17ud|17ud]]) have been annotated in terms of morphological categories, syntactic functions and syntactic structure following the UD guidelines and using the tools developed within the UD project. |
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| General guidelines for annotation are provided on the UD project website ([[https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html|UD Guidelines]]), including a detailed description of: | General guidelines for annotation are provided on the UD project website ([[https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html|UD Guidelines]]), including a detailed description of: |
| ==== References to syntactic heads ==== | ==== References to syntactic heads ==== |
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| * In addition to the pointer to its head (''head'' as the word ID of the head, i.e. its word order position within the sentence, or ''parent'' as its position relative to the given word), some other attributes of the head are listed for each token: lemma (''p_lemma''), POS (''p_upos''), morphological category (''p_feats''), and syntactic function (''p_deprel''). | * In addition to the pointer to its head (''head'' as the word ID of the head, i.e. its word order position within the sentence, or ''parent'' as its position relative to the given word), some other attributes of the head are listed for each token: word form (''p_word''),((Available since release 17ud.)) lemma (''p_lemma''), POS (''p_upos''), morphological category (''p_feats''), and syntactic function (''p_deprel''). |
| * A token may also have attributes that specify the properties of a function word that depends on the token. For example, the lemma of a preposition is shown by the attribute ''case_lemma'', morphological categories of an auxiliary by ''aux_feats'', morphological categories of a copula by ''cop_feats'', part of speech of a determiner by ''det_upos'', lemma of a marker by ''mark_lemma''. | * A token may also have attributes that specify the properties of a function word that depends on the token. For example, the lemma of a preposition is shown by the attribute ''case_lemma'', morphological categories of an auxiliary by ''aux_feats'', morphological categories of a copula by ''cop_feats'', part of speech of a determiner by ''det_upos'', lemma of a marker by ''mark_lemma''. |
| * Similar means of representing syntactic structure are used by other syntactically annotated corpora available in the KonText browser (e.g. ''syn2020''). | * Similar means of representing syntactic structure are used by other syntactically annotated corpora available in the KonText browser (e.g. ''syn2020''). |
| * Conjunctions depend on the following conjunct. Their syntactic function is ''cc''. | * Conjunctions depend on the following conjunct. Their syntactic function is ''cc''. |
| * A reference to the so-called effective head is used to identify the head regardless of whether the token is a conjunct or not, or whether it is in the initial or non-initial conjunct: the ''e_id'' attribute refers to its identifier (the sequence number of the token representing the head within the sentence), the ''eparent'' attribute to its position relative to the token. | * A reference to the so-called effective head is used to identify the head regardless of whether the token is a conjunct or not, or whether it is in the initial or non-initial conjunct: the ''e_id'' attribute refers to its identifier (the sequence number of the token representing the head within the sentence), the ''eparent'' attribute to its position relative to the token. |
| * In InterCorp [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze16ud|release 16ud]], there is an additional ''e_deprel'' attribute whose value equals ''deprel'' of the given token, except when the token is a non-initial conjunct, i.e. when its ''deprel'' equals ''conj''. Then the value of ''e_deprel'' equals the value of ''p_deprel'', i.e. shows the syntactic function of the whole coordination. | * Since InterCorp [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze16ud|release 16ud]], there is an additional ''e_deprel'' attribute whose value equals ''deprel'' of the given token, except when the token is a non-initial conjunct, i.e. when its ''deprel'' equals ''conj''. Then the value of ''e_deprel'' equals the value of ''p_deprel'', i.e. shows the syntactic function of the whole coordination. |
| * The ''e_deprel'' attribute has the same value as ''p_deprel'' also when the ''deprel'' attribute equals ''fixed'', ''flat'', ''compound'' or ''list''. Tokens within such constructions can also be found using the syntactic function of the whole construction, i.e. the ''e_deprel'' attribute. | * The ''e_deprel'' attribute has the same value as ''p_deprel'' also when the ''deprel'' attribute equals ''fixed'', ''flat'', ''compound'' or ''list''. Tokens within such constructions can also be found using the syntactic function of the whole construction, i.e. the ''e_deprel'' attribute. |
| * To find all words with a certain syntactic function, including those that are part of a coordination, in InterCorp [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|release 13ud]], where the ''e_deprel'' attribute is not available, the solution is to use the ''p_deprel'' attribute. This attribute shows the syntactic function of the token's head. For example, a query for all direct objects, including coordinated ones, can be formulated using the disjunction operator (%%|%%) as follows: ''%%[deprel="obj" | deprel="conj" & p_deprel="obj"]%%''. | * To find all words with a certain syntactic function, including those that are part of a coordination, in InterCorp [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|release 13ud]], where the ''e_deprel'' attribute is not available, the solution is to use the ''p_deprel'' attribute. This attribute shows the syntactic function of the token's head. For example, a query for all direct objects, including coordinated ones, can be formulated using the disjunction operator (%%|%%) as follows: ''%%[deprel="obj" | deprel="conj" & p_deprel="obj"]%%''. |
| | * Since InterCorp [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze17ud|release 17ud]]. each token has an additional attribute ''e_word'', whose value is the effective head's word form. |
| ===== UD and KonText ===== | ===== UD and KonText ===== |
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| ==== About UD-annotated InterCorp ==== | ==== About UD-annotated InterCorp ==== |
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| Olga Nádvorníková (2024): Analyse contrastive de la complexité syntaxique à l’aide de corpus parallèles. Translitteræ, Laboratoire LATTICE (Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques et Cognition) – CNRS UMR 8094 (Centre national de la recherche scientifique: Unité mixte de recherche), ENS (L'École normale supérieure). Paris, 28/05/2024. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJrCez_XPQY|Video]], [[https://owncloud.korpus.cz/s/aHLBR4soqmoZcFQ|slides]] | Olga Nádvorníková (2024): Analyse contrastive de la complexité syntaxique à l’aide de corpus parallèles. Translitteræ, Laboratoire LATTICE (Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques et Cognition) – CNRS UMR 8094 (Centre national de la recherche scientifique: Unité mixte de recherche), ENS (L'École normale supérieure). Paris, 28/05/2024. [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJrCez_XPQY|Video]], [[https://jakobson.korpus.cz/~rosen/INTERCORP/SLIDES/C4%20Nadvornikova%20Analyse%20contrastiv%20e%20de%20la%20complexité%20syntaxique.pdf|slides]] |
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| Alexandr Rosen (2024): Exploring InterCorp v16ud: the potential of a multilingual parallel treebank with complexity and diversity metrics. Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej, Uniwersytet Warszawski. Warszawa, 10/06/2024, [[https://owncloud.korpus.cz/s/RRdGfaEAw2RMZ8g|slides]]. | Alexandr Rosen (2024): Exploring InterCorp v16ud: the potential of a multilingual parallel treebank with complexity and diversity metrics. Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej, Uniwersytet Warszawski. Warszawa, 10/06/2024, [[https://jakobson.korpus.cz/~rosen/INTERCORP/SLIDES/2024_UDCM_Wwa.pdf|slides]]. |
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| Alexandr Rosen (2023). The InterCorp parallel corpus with a uniform annotation for all languages. Jazykovedný časopis, 74(1):254–265. [[https://www.juls.savba.sk/ediela/jc/2023/1/jc23-01.pdf|Paper]], [[https://owncloud.korpus.cz/s/wLxfrmwKCACX73W|slides]]. | Alexandr Rosen (2023). The InterCorp parallel corpus with a uniform annotation for all languages. Jazykovedný časopis, 74(1):254–265. [[https://www.juls.savba.sk/ediela/jc/2023/1/jc23-01.pdf|Paper]], [[https://jakobson.korpus.cz/~rosen/INTERCORP/SLIDES/rosen-slovko-2023.pdf|slides]]. |
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