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| en:pojmy:ud [2024/06/16 22:48] – [Examples of queries] alexandrrosen | en:pojmy:ud [2024/06/17 00:27] (current) – [Universal Dependencies – UD] alexandrrosen |
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| ====== Universal Dependencies – UD ====== | ====== Universal Dependencies – UD ====== |
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| [[https://universaldependencies.org|Universal Dependencies]] is a framework for consistent annotation of grammar (parts of speech, morphological features, and syntactic dependencies) across different human languages. Some recent versions of the [[en:cnk:intercorp|InterCorp]] parallel corpus ([[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|13ud]] and [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|13ud]]) has been annotated in terms of morphological categories, syntactic functions and syntactic structure following the UD guidelines and using the tools developed within the UD project. | [[https://universaldependencies.org|Universal Dependencies]] is a an open international project aiming at linguistic annotation consistent across different languages. Some recent versions of the [[en:cnk:intercorp|InterCorp]] parallel corpus ([[en:cnk:intercorp:verze13ud|13ud]] and [[en:cnk:intercorp:verze16ud|16ud]]) have been annotated in terms of morphological categories, syntactic functions and syntactic structure following the UD guidelines and using the tools developed within the UD project. |
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| General guidelines for annotation are provided on the UD project website ([[https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html|UD Guidelines]]), including a detailed description of: | General guidelines for annotation are provided on the UD project website ([[https://universaldependencies.org/guidelines.html|UD Guidelines]]), including a detailed description of: |
| * For use in KonText, **fused forms** or //aggregates//, ie word forms composed of two or even three syntactic words, were modified as divided tokens. In English it concerns, for example, the forms //isn't// or //cannot//. For more details see [[en:pojmy:ud#multi-part_tokens|Multi-part tokens]] below. | * For use in KonText, **fused forms** or //aggregates//, ie word forms composed of two or even three syntactic words, were modified as divided tokens. In English it concerns, for example, the forms //isn't// or //cannot//. For more details see [[en:pojmy:ud#multi-part_tokens|Multi-part tokens]] below. |
| * Each word is assigned its **syntactic function** (''deprel'' – see [[en:pojmy:ud#syntactic_functions|Syntactic functions]]) and its syntactic governor in the dependency tree (''head''). To facilitate orientation in the syntactic structure, each word is also annotated with references to important properties of its head (lemma, part of speech and morphological categories), see [[en:pojmy:ud#references_to_syntactic_heads|References to syntactic head]]. If a content word occurs with a **function word** (eg. preposition, auxiliary verb, subordinate conjunction, determiner), the content word includes some properties of the function word (see [[en:pojmy:ud#references_to_function_words|References to function words]]). | * Each word is assigned its **syntactic function** (''deprel'' – see [[en:pojmy:ud#syntactic_functions|Syntactic functions]]) and its syntactic governor in the dependency tree (''head''). To facilitate orientation in the syntactic structure, each word is also annotated with references to important properties of its head (lemma, part of speech and morphological categories), see [[en:pojmy:ud#references_to_syntactic_heads|References to syntactic head]]. If a content word occurs with a **function word** (eg. preposition, auxiliary verb, subordinate conjunction, determiner), the content word includes some properties of the function word (see [[en:pojmy:ud#references_to_function_words|References to function words]]). |
| * **Annotations between languages differ** in the number of categorial attributes and in links to function words, see {{cnk:intercorp:ud_ic_attributes.pdf | List of attributes by language}}, described below in [[en:pojmy:ud#description_of_the_list_of_attributes|Description of the list of attributes]]. | * **Annotations between languages differ** in the number of categorial attributes and in links to function words, see [[en:pojmy:ud#description_of_the_list_of_attributes|Description of the list of attributes]] below. |
| * KonText supports queries by word class and other morphological categories using the **''Insert tag''** function, which inserts a UD POS (''upos'') and any category from the ''feats'' list into the query. The ''Insert tag'' feature is available for all linguistically annotated languages. | * KonText supports queries by word class and other morphological categories using the **''Insert tag''** function, which inserts a UD POS (''upos'') and any category from the ''feats'' list into the query. The ''Insert tag'' feature is available for all linguistically annotated languages. |
| ===== Morphological annotation ===== | ===== Morphological annotation ===== |
| * Either the keyword's ''deprel'' denotes the direct or indirect object (''%%deprel="i?obj"%%'', or -- equivalently -- ''%%deprel="obj|iobj"%%''), or the keyword's ''deprel'' is ''conj'' (''%%deprel="conj"%%'') and depends on a direct or indirect object (''%%p_deprel="i?obj"%%''), i.e. it is the non-initial conjunct in a coordinated constituent functioning as direct or indirect object. | * Either the keyword's ''deprel'' denotes the direct or indirect object (''%%deprel="i?obj"%%'', or -- equivalently -- ''%%deprel="obj|iobj"%%''), or the keyword's ''deprel'' is ''conj'' (''%%deprel="conj"%%'') and depends on a direct or indirect object (''%%p_deprel="i?obj"%%''), i.e. it is the non-initial conjunct in a coordinated constituent functioning as direct or indirect object. |
| * In 16ud we get the same result using the ''e_deprel'' attribute in a simpler query: | * In 16ud we get the same result using the ''e_deprel'' attribute in a simpler query: |
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| === Proper nouns as subjects, also as conjuncts === | === Proper nouns as subjects, also as conjuncts === |
| * [[https://www.korpus.cz/kontext/view?q=~cuIC4msKMsAW|This query]] finds proper nouns as subjects, including non-initial conjuncts. | * [[https://www.korpus.cz/kontext/view?q=~cuIC4msKMsAW|This query]] finds proper nouns as subjects, including non-initial conjuncts. |
| * Concordances include sentences such as //And what does **Crump** say?// or //“I never even saw her,” said **Pat**.// | * Concordances include sentences such as //And what does **Crump** say?// or //“I never even saw her,” said **Pat**.// |
| | * In 16ud, the same query can be simplified using the ''e_deprel'' attribute: |
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| | <code>[e_deprel="nsubj" & upos="PROPN"]</code> |
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| === Gerunds preceded by "with" as the marker === | === Gerunds preceded by "with" as the marker === |
| ===== Description of the list of attributes ===== | ===== Description of the list of attributes ===== |
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| * In {{cnk:intercorp:ud_ic_attributes.pdf | Attribute list by language}}, all attributes used in the corpus are listed. | * In {{cnk:intercorp:ud_ic_attributes.pdf | Attribute list by language in 13ud}} or {{cnk:intercorp:ud_ic16ud_attributes.pdf | Attribute list by language in 16ud}} all attributes used in the specific version are listed. |
| * Columns indicate whether the attribute is used for the language specified by the abbreviation in the header. | * Columns indicate whether the attribute is used for the language specified by the abbreviation in the header. |
| * Attributes are divided into four categories, distinguished by background color. | * Attributes are divided into four categories, distinguished by background color. |
| | * For brevity, only linguistically annotated languages are included. E.g. the list for 16ud omits 14 languages denoted by the language codes bn, br, bs, eo, hs, ka, mk, ml, ms, rn, si, sq, th and tl. These languages can be queried Only the ''word'' and ''lc'' attributes can be used to query these languages. |
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| ==== Basic attributes ==== | ==== Basic attributes ==== |
| ==== Structural attributes ==== | ==== Structural attributes ==== |
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| * These 7 attributes are on the <fc #6495ed>light blue</fc> background. | * These attributes are on the <fc #6495ed>light blue</fc> background. |
| * They extend the reference to the token's syntactic governor (''head'') by additional attributes, making it easier to identify the head and its properties. | * They extend the reference to the token's syntactic governor (''head'') by additional attributes, making it easier to identify the head and its properties. |
| * All attributes of this type are avaliable for all languages. | * All attributes of this type are avaliable for all languages. |
