en:manualy:syd - Příručka ČNK

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====== SyD ======

{{ :manualy:syd_logo.png?nolink&200|}}

The SyD application (for the analysis of **Sy**nchronic and **D**iachronic variants) serves primarily to study competing linguistic phenomena. It serves as a supplementation of the more universal [[en:pojmy:korpusovy_manazer|corpus managers]], and can quickly and easily provide corpus results to lay users. As its name suggests, the application has two (essentially separate) parts: 
  - synchronic, in which it is possible to compare variants based on their frequency and distribution in the texts
  - diachronic, in which it is possible to map the development tendencies in the use of the variants.



SyD is an online application (the only thing we need to use it is a web browser) and it is accessible without [[en:kurz:zaciname|registration]] to all users at **[[http://treq.korpus.cz|syd.korpus.cz]]**. 

It is currently available in the version 2.0, which was published in 2014 (the first version was launched in 2011). The application includes a concise manual, and the displayed results are accompanied by a detailed commentary. Just like in some of the other applications (e.g. in [[en:manualy:morfio|Morfio]]), a permanent link leading to the input query is available in SyDu making it appropriate for sharing and citing.

===== The Synchronic part =====

In the synchronic part the user can input two (or even more) phenomena which he wants to compare. The opposition may relate to their spelling (eg. //filozofie// vs. //filosofie//), or to their morphology (//bychom// vs. //bysme//), however it is also possible to study lexicological opposition (//stále// vs. //pořád// vs. //furt//), or even syntax and word order in general (//sebe sama// vs. //sama sebe//). The queries can be written very trivially (a simple input of the desired word will suffice) or with the help of a query language, [[en:pojmy:dotazovací_jazyk|CQL]]. The application will evaluate all queries and will display the results in the form of tables and graphs.

Corpora used in the SyD application (in the 2.0 version):
  * [[en:cnk:syn2010|SYN2010]] for written (public) language
  * [[en:cnk:ksk-dopisy|KSK-Dopisy]] for written private (and informal) language
  * [[en:cnk:oral2006|Oral2006]] + [[en:cnk:oral2008|Oral2008]] + [[en:cnk:oral2013|Oral2013]] for spoken informal language

In the synchronic part of the analysis it is possible to use [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemmatization]] (i.e. to search for an entire lexeme including all of its possible forms), however extra care must be taken when assessing the results. While the SYN series corpora use standard lemmatization, data for spoken Czech and for correspondence are not lemmatized, and therefore the extent of the lemma is estimated based on the written language (the query is first assessed in the SYN2010 corpus and based on the forms identified a query for the non-lemmatized corpora is constructed.

The synchronic part provides information about the distribution of phenomena in written texts (based on the [[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structural attributes]] //[[en:pojmy:txtype|txtype]]// and //[[en:pojmy:genre|genre]]//) and in spoken language (based on the attributes of gender, age, education and region). All data are made relative with regard to the size of the given category in the corpora.

For the analysis of the lexical differences of the examined variants, the SyD application offers a simplified version of [[en:pojmy:kolokace|collocational]] paradigms to the individual queries.

===== The Diachronic part =====

The basis for the diachronic analysis is the Diakon corpus which is composed of the [[en:cnk:diakorp|Diakorp]] corpus texts, expanded upon with data from earlier forms of Czech which have not yet been reviewed manually. A makeshift list of source texts before the year 1989 is available in the [[en:seznamy:index#zdrojove_texty_diachronnich_korpusu|lists]] section. The most modern period is represented by a selection from the synchronic corpora of the [[en:cnk:syn|SYN]] series. Due to the fact that the older texts are not yet [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemmatized]], it is possible to use only the [[en:pojmy:word|word]] attribute (word form) for queries.

The SyD application will evaluate all queries and find their relative frequencies in various timer periods. Because the coverage of all the time periods is not optimal, it is advisable to understand the temporal information to be more of an approximation, and to use a moving average (with an adjustable window) for displaying trends. The portrayal on the timeline also includes an error rate which should also be taken into account when analyzing data. 

===== Application images =====

[{{:kurz:syd-syn.png?direct&200|Evaluation of query in synchronic part}}]
[{{:kurz:syd-syn-distr.png?direct&200|Distribution of phenomena in written texts}}]
[{{:kurz:syd-syn-kolok.png?direct&200|Collocation analysis}}]
[{{:kurz:syd-dia.png?direct&200|Evaluation of query in diachronic part}}]
[{{:kurz:syd-dia-roky.png?direct&200|Number of occurrences displayed over the years}}]

==== Related links ====

<WRAP round box 50%>
[[en:manualy:kontext:index|KonText Interface]] • [[en:manualy:morfio|Morfio]] • [[en:manualy:kwords|KWords]] • [[en:manualy:treq|Treq]] • [[en:pojmy:korpusovy_manazer|Corpus Manager]] • [[en:pojmy:nastroje|Corpus Tools]]
</WRAP>
Trace: • audience • fictree • verze12 • ortofon • kontext_verze • verze12 • kwords • intercorp • nkjp • strukturni_atributy_intercorp