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| en:manualy:kontext:frekvence [2022/05/19 12:57] – [Text Type frequency distribution] jankrivan | en:manualy:kontext:frekvence [2023/03/13 14:17] (current) – [Custom settings of frequency distribution] lukes |
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| Assesses the whole [[en:pojmy:konkordance|concordance]] and lists an overview of the structural attributes ((The list of the structural attributes might vary depending on the type of corpus used. Accordingly, the result generated by this option might vary.)) which apply to the text type ([[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structural attributes]] ''[[en:pojmy:txtype_group|txtype_group]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:txtype|txtype]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:medium|med]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:srclang|srclang]]''), along with their frequency (the meaning of individual abbreviations is available at [[en:seznamy:index#zkratky_a_kody|the list of abbreviations and codes]]). | Assesses the whole [[en:pojmy:konkordance|concordance]] and lists an overview of the structural attributes ((The list of the structural attributes might vary depending on the type of corpus used. Accordingly, the result generated by this option might vary.)) which apply to the text type ([[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structural attributes]] ''[[en:pojmy:txtype_group|txtype_group]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:txtype|txtype]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:medium|med]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:srclang|srclang]]''), along with their frequency (the meaning of individual abbreviations is available at [[en:seznamy:index#zkratky_a_kody|the list of abbreviations and codes]]). |
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| ===== Frequency list (summary) ===== | ===== Frequency list ===== |
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| [{{ :en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-drevo_tab_en.png?direct&350|Frequency list of the words of lemma //dřevo// (including representation of confidency intervals}}] | |
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| The following example shows how to use frequency list when working with the [[en:cnk:syn2020|SYN2020]] corpus to search for a query of [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemma]] //dřevo// (''[lemma=%%"%%dřevo%%"%%]''): Frequency list of the words of lemma //dřevo// regardless of case and with a zero frequency limit (using a preset option **Node forms [A=a]**). | The following example shows how to use frequency list when working with the [[en:cnk:syn2020|SYN2020]] corpus to search for a query of [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemma]] //dřevo// (''[lemma=%%"%%dřevo%%"%%]''): Frequency list of the words of lemma //dřevo// regardless of case and with a zero frequency limit (using a preset option **Node forms [A=a]**). |
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| | ==== Table view ==== |
| Different kinds of information will appear by every [[en:pojmy:word|word]] (attribute) displayed in the frequency list of lemma //dřevo//. The basic information is located in the frequency column and displays absolute frequency of a given item in the searched concordance (if the concordance was altered in some way before the frequency list was submitted - e.g. with filters - the frequency list will be altered accordingly). In the list to the left from the word, there are located links **p/n** which can be used for a quick display of positive or negative [[en:manualy:kontext:filtr|filter]]. By clicking on the **p** in the line displaying frequency for the word //dřevem//, we filter out this form from the current concordance,in the same way when **n** is activated, all of the occurrence of the given form will be eliminated from the current concordance. | |
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| The last column of the frequency list contains a horizontal bar chart. It is used for completing the differences between absolute frequencies of the individual items (the length of the horizontal lines should correspond to the word frequency). | [{{ :en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-drevo_tab_en.png?direct&400|Frequency list of the words of lemma //dřevo// (including representations of confidency intervals) }}] |
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| After clicking on the heading of the column, the table will automatically be rearranged according to the selected column. This way it is possible to create a list that is arranged alphabetically (in addition to the usual list arranged according to the frequency). | The default display is a table showing the absolute and relative frequencies for each item (including the option to display confidence intervals). |
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| [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-txtype-drevo_en.png?direct&300|Frequency list of the text types and their groups of lemma //dřevo// }}] | Different kinds of information will appear by every [[en:pojmy:word|word]] (attribute) displayed in the frequency list of lemma //dřevo//. The basic information is located in the frequency column and displays absolute frequency of a given item in the searched concordance (if the concordance was altered in some way before the frequency list was submitted -- e.g. with filters -- the frequency list will be altered accordingly). All items with at least one occurrence will be displayed in the list. If we want to narrow down the list, we can set **Minimum Frequency** to a value that suits the specific situation. |
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| | The [[en:pojmy:ipm|i.p.m.]] column next to the absolute frequency column expresses the **relative frequency** of the studied phenomena relative to the total size of the corpus. In our case, the form //dřeva// appears in the corpus [[en:cnk:syn2020|SYN2020]] with an absolute frequency of 5,712, which represents 46.89 occurrences per million words (i.p.m.). |
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| ===== Custom settings of frequency distribution ===== | For both absolute and relative frequency values, an additional option can be used to display the values of **confidence intervals**, i.e. the ranges within which the given frequencies (with probability at a specified **confidence level**) would occur in other, similarly constructed corpora of comparable size. The confidence level is set at 95% and can be changed to 99% or 90%. |
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| The form which appears after clicking on the option **Frequency distribution → Custom** consists of two sections: | In the list to the left from the word, there are located links **p/n** which can be used for a quick display of positive or negative [[en:manualy:kontext:filtr|filter]]. By clicking on the **p** in the line displaying frequency for the word //dřeva//, we filter out this form from the current concordance, in the same way when **n** is activated, all of the occurrences of the given form will be eliminated from the current concordance. |
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| | After clicking on the heading of the column, the table will automatically be rearranged according to the selected column. This way, it is possible to create a list that is arranged alphabetically (in addition to the usual list arranged according to the frequency). |
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| | The **Share the table** function (the link is placed in the row above the table) generates a permanent link to the table, which can be sent directly from the form window to the specified e-mail address or later mentioned in an article, study, etc. |
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| | ==== Chart view ==== |
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| | The graphical display allows you to visualize the information presented in the previous section (absolute and relative frequencies of items with their confidence intervals) in the form of two types of graphs: either a horizontal **bar chart** or a "**word cloud**" graph. |
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| | [{{:en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-drevo_en.png?direct&350|Visualization type: bar }}] |
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| | By default, a bar chart with relative frequencies including 95% confidence intervals is displayed. |
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| | By clicking on the options above the graph using **(+)** you can modify the properties of the graph. You can display absolute frequencies instead of relative frequency values, limit the number of items in the graph, sort items alphabetically instead of frequency sorting, and export the graph as an image. |
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| | Finally, the graph can be switched to a "word cloud," which displays a group of examined items (in our example, word forms) in sizes corresponding relatively to their frequencies. For this type of graph, only the option to export the graph and limit the number of items in the graph are relevant in the user settings. |
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| | [{{:en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-cloud_en.png?direct&350|Visualization type: Word cloud }}] |
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| | ===== Custom settings of frequency distribution ===== |
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| - form for multilevel frequency distribution (which can be used to analyze [[en:pojmy:atributy_pozicni|positional attributes]]) such as word, lemma, sublemma, tag, verbtag, etc.) | The form which appears after clicking on the menu item **Frequency → Custom** offers four options: |
| - form for frequency distribution according to the [[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structure attributes]] (such as ''[[en:pojmy:txtype|txtype]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:medium|med]]'' or ''[[en:pojmy:srclang|srclang]]'') | |
| - form for frequency distribution reflecting the two-attribute interrelationship (both positional and structure attributes) | |
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| | - multilevel frequency distribution (which can be used to analyze [[en:pojmy:atributy_pozicni|positional attributes]]) such as word, lemma, sublemma, tag, verbtag, etc.) |
| | - frequency distribution according to the [[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structure attributes]] (such as ''[[en:pojmy:txtype|txtype]]'', ''[[en:pojmy:medium|med]]'' or ''[[en:pojmy:srclang|srclang]]'') |
| | - dispersion plot showing the distribution of the searched concordance across the entire corpus |
| | - 2-dimensional frequency distribution reflecting the relationship between two attributes (both positional and structure attributes) |
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| [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-pozice_en.png?direct&300|Form for multilevel frequency distribution ([[en:pojmy:atributy_pozicni|positional attributes]]) }}] | [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-pozice_en.png?direct&300|Form for multilevel frequency distribution ([[en:pojmy:atributy_pozicni|positional attributes]]) }}] |
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| Afterwards, it is necessary to select whether frequency distribution should be calculated regardless of the letter case. Selection of the option [[wp>Case_sensitivity|case-insensitive]] causes that all of the items are interpreted as having lower case, regardless of what type of case they actually have in the corpus. | Afterwards, it is necessary to select whether frequency distribution should be calculated regardless of the letter case. Selection of the option [[wp>Case_sensitivity|case-insensitive]] causes that all of the items are interpreted as having lower case, regardless of what type of case they actually have in the corpus. |
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| | [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-reference_en.png?direct&300|Form for frequency distribution according to [[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structural attributes]] }}] |
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| In case of custom settings of frequency distribution, we do not need to restrict ourselves to KWIC only (unlike when working with quick selection). It can be calculated from any context position to the right or left from the wanted word. The item //position// in the form enables us to select not only positions from the left (the preceding) context (6L-1L), but also KWIC itself and positions to the right (the following) context (1R-6R). The numbering of the positions (according to both current and older notation) is summed up in the following table: | In case of custom settings of frequency distribution, we do not need to restrict ourselves to KWIC only (unlike when working with quick selection). It can be calculated from any context position to the right or left from the wanted word. The item //position// in the form enables us to select not only positions from the left (the preceding) context (6L-1L), but also KWIC itself and positions to the right (the following) context (1R-6R). The numbering of the positions (according to both current and older notation) is summed up in the following table: |
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| If we wish to create frequency distribution of not only individual units but also pairs of words ([[en:pojmy:bigram|bigrams]]) or even longer phrases, we have to add another level of frequency distribution. Another line will be added to the form with the identical setting options.The quick option of frequency distribution **Node forms** represents an easier option. - if we apply it to multi-word KWIC (e.g. when searching for two consecutive adverbs such as //pomalu a opatrně// [tag=<nowiki>"</nowiki>D.*<nowiki>"</nowiki>][word=<nowiki>"</nowiki>a<nowiki>"</nowiki>][tag=<nowiki>"</nowiki>D.*<nowiki>"</nowiki>]), the wanted multi-word expressions ordered according to frequency will appear without any complicated settings. | If we wish to create frequency distribution of not only individual units but also pairs of words ([[en:pojmy:bigram|bigrams]]) or even longer phrases, we have to add another level of frequency distribution. Another line will be added to the form with the identical setting options.The quick option of frequency distribution **Node forms** represents an easier option. - if we apply it to multi-word KWIC (e.g. when searching for two consecutive adverbs such as //pomalu a opatrně// [tag=<nowiki>"</nowiki>D.*<nowiki>"</nowiki>][word=<nowiki>"</nowiki>a<nowiki>"</nowiki>][tag=<nowiki>"</nowiki>D.*<nowiki>"</nowiki>]), the wanted multi-word expressions ordered according to frequency will appear without any complicated settings. |
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| [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-reference.png?direct&300|Form for frequency distribution according to [[en:pojmy:atributy_strukturni|structural attributes]] }}] | |
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| Provided that we are satisfied with the specification, we may begin the calculation by clicking on the **Make frequency list** button. All of the items with at least one occurrence will appear in the basic settings. If we wish to narrow the list down, we may set **Frequency limit** to the value which satisfies the situation. | Provided that we are satisfied with the specification, we may begin the calculation by clicking on the **Make frequency list** button. All of the items with at least one occurrence will appear in the basic settings. If we wish to narrow the list down, we may set **Frequency limit** to the value which satisfies the situation. |
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| ==== Text Type frequency distribution ==== | ==== Text Type frequency distribution ==== |
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| === Usage example: frequency list according to text types === | === Usage example: frequency list according to text types === |
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| | [{{ :en:manualy:kontext:fqdist-txtype-drevo_en.png?direct&300|Frequency list of the text types and their groups of lemma //dřevo// }}] |
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| The following example shows how to use frequency list when working with the [[en:cnk:syn2020|SYN2020]] corpus to search for a query of [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemma]] //dřevo// (''[lemma=%%"%%dřevo%%"%%]''): Frequency distribution of the values of structural attributes ''txtype'' and ''txtype_group'' of lemma //dřevo// (excluding the values with zero frequency). | The following example shows how to use frequency list when working with the [[en:cnk:syn2020|SYN2020]] corpus to search for a query of [[en:pojmy:lemma|lemma]] //dřevo// (''[lemma=%%"%%dřevo%%"%%]''): Frequency distribution of the values of structural attributes ''txtype'' and ''txtype_group'' of lemma //dřevo// (excluding the values with zero frequency). |
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| Just like the items, the structural attributes can also be rearranged in the table according to any column. This is especially useful when we need to know the order according to the relative frequency which allows for comparison of the number of occurrences even in the corpora of different sizes. | Just like the items, the structural attributes can also be rearranged in the table according to any column. This is especially useful when we need to know the order according to the relative frequency which allows for comparison of the number of occurrences even in the corpora of different sizes. |
| ==== Two-attribute interrelationship frequency distribution ==== | |
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| [{{ :en::manualy:kontext:2d-fqdist_en.png?direct&350|Result of a 2D frequency distribution}}] | ==== Disperze ==== |
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| The last type of frequency distribution reflects the interrelationship of two selected attributes (positional as well as structural). As an example, we can look at which nominal adjectives (the so-called short forms, such as rád or schopen) are prominent in three basic text type groups. First, choose the **Two-attribute interrelationship** in the **Frequency** option in the menu (under **Custom**) and select two attributes: first, choose **lemma** (displayed as rows in the table of results), and second, choose **doc.txtype_group** (among Text types, displayed as columns in the table). You can also adjust the minimal value or percentile of [[en:pojmy:frekvence|absolute or relative frequency]]. | The [[pojmy:frekvence#disperze_jevu|Dispersion]] function allows you to graphically represent the distribution of a given searched phenomenon across the text/corpus. In the initial form you need to set the number of sections (maximum 1000) into which the corpus will be divided for the purpose of displaying the dispersion. The resulting graph then shows the number of occurrences of the searched phenomenon within each section on the y-axis. |
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| | [{{en:manualy:kontext:disperze.png?direct&450|Dispersion of the lemma //dřevo// (division into 100 sections) in SYN2020}}] |
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| After clicking on **Make frequency list**, a table of results is displayed summarizing the number of occurrences of the adjectives in three selected text type groups (fiction, non-fiction and journalistic texts), sorted by frequency. This default setting can be changed: you can re-sort the table by [[en:pojmy:ipm|ipm]], switch the orientation of rows and columns or opt for a list of attribute pairs. If you are an advanced user, you can also try to sort the rows based on three criteria (attribute value, the total of absolute/relative frequency in a row or in a column), set the confidence interval (CI) or temper with the color mapping (for further information, see the help question mark next to the **Color mapping** choice). If you choose the relative frequency display, you can also look at a graph with confidence intervals by clicking on the chart icon next to each variable. | |
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| | ==== Two-attribute interrelationship frequency distribution ==== |
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| [{{:en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-drevo_tab_en.png?direct&350|Frequency list of the words of lemma //dřevo//}}] | The last type of frequency distribution reflects the interrelationship of two selected attributes (positional as well as structural). As an example, we can look at which nominal adjectives (the so-called short forms, such as //rád// or //schopen//: ''%%[tag="AC..-.*"]%%'', excluding postprepositional forms of the type //na živo//) are prominent in three basic text type groups. First, choose the **Two-attribute interrelationship** in the **Frequency** option in the menu (under **Custom**) and select two attributes: first, choose **lemma** (displayed as rows in the table of results), and second, choose **doc.txtype_group** (among Text types, displayed as columns in the table). You can also adjust the minimal value or percentile of [[en:pojmy:frekvence|absolute or relative frequency]]. |
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| [{{:en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-drevo_en.png?direct&350|Visualization type: bar }}] | |
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| [{{:en::manualy:kontext:fqdist-word-cloud_en.png?direct&350|Visualization type: Word cloud }}] | |
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| | After clicking on **Make frequency list**, a table of results is displayed summarizing the number of occurrences of the adjectives in three selected text type groups (fiction, non-fiction and journalistic texts), sorted by frequency. This default setting can be changed: you can re-sort the table by [[en:pojmy:ipm|ipm]], switch the orientation of rows and columns or opt for a list of attribute pairs. If you are an advanced user, you can also try to sort the rows based on three criteria (attribute value, the total of absolute/relative frequency in a row or in a column), set the confidence interval (CI) or temper with the color mapping (for further information, see the help question mark next to the **Color mapping** choice). If you choose the relative frequency display, you can also look at a graph with confidence intervals by clicking on the chart icon next to each variable. |
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| | [{{:en::manualy:kontext:2d-fqdist_en.png?direct&400|Result of a 2D frequency distribution}}] |
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