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en:eebo:morphology2 [2016/11/11 08:22] – [Variation in derivational suffixes] kristinavalentinyovaen:eebo:morphology2 [2016/11/22 10:50] (current) – veronikapojarova
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 ''[word="[dD][iy][d](d)?(e)?(i)?(y)?(s)?(ſ)?t(e)?"]'' ''[word="[dD][iy][d](d)?(e)?(i)?(y)?(s)?(ſ)?t(e)?"]''
  
-When we click on the **frequency** button and select **node forms** in the dropdown menu, we will be able to see which of 63 spelling variants was the most frequently used at that time.+When we click on the **frequency** button and select **node forms** in the dropdown menu, we will be able to see which of 63 spelling variants was the most frequent one at that time.
  
 [{{eebo-19.png?300|Spelling variants}}] [{{eebo-19.png?300|Spelling variants}}]
  
-For the purpose of this lesson, we will use the most frequent one, that is //didst//. Now we can compare frequencies of these two forms:  //didst// and //did// which eventually substituted the former one in the second person singular.+For the purpose of this lesson, we will use the most frequent one, that is //didst//. Now we can compare frequencies of these two forms:  //didst// and //did//. The latter eventually substituted the former one in the second person singular.
  
-If we wish to search for both forms in the corpus at the same time we will insert a vertical bar for alternatives as was explained in the previous lesson. This way the concordance list will include both //did// and //didst// in the results. The query is expressed as follows:+If we wish to search for both forms in the corpus at the same time we will insert a vertical bar for alternatives and round brackets as is explained in the previous and following lesson. This way the concordance list will include both //did// and //didst// in the results. The query is expressed as follows:
  
-[word=“thou”][word=“didst”]|[word=“thou”][word=“did”] +[word=“thou”]([word=“didst”]|[word=“did”])
  
 The reason why we need to include the pronoun //thou// in our query is that //did// was also used in the first and third person, in addition to the second person. By including the pronoun, we will be able to eliminate those results from the concordance list. //Didst// does not require this restriction, as it was only used in the second person singular but in order to ensure comparability we also have to add the pronoun before //did//. The reason why we need to include the pronoun //thou// in our query is that //did// was also used in the first and third person, in addition to the second person. By including the pronoun, we will be able to eliminate those results from the concordance list. //Didst// does not require this restriction, as it was only used in the second person singular but in order to ensure comparability we also have to add the pronoun before //did//.
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 ^ did |620 |0.14   |0.41| 0.76|0.72| ^ did |620 |0.14   |0.41| 0.76|0.72|
  
-[{{eebo-15.png?300|Frequency list of node forms/}}]+[{{eebo-15.png?300|Frequency list of node forms}}]
  
 ===== Variation in derivational suffixes===== ===== Variation in derivational suffixes=====
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 Derivational suffixes //-ity// and //-ness// are both used to form abstract nouns out of adjectives, e.g. pure and purity. While //-ness// is of Germanic origin and has been productive since Old English times, //-ity// is an etymologically foreign suffix which English borrowed from Latin thorugh French. Its foreign provenance is one of the reasons of its restricted productivity as foreign sufixes usually do not attach to  native stems. Derivational suffixes //-ity// and //-ness// are both used to form abstract nouns out of adjectives, e.g. pure and purity. While //-ness// is of Germanic origin and has been productive since Old English times, //-ity// is an etymologically foreign suffix which English borrowed from Latin thorugh French. Its foreign provenance is one of the reasons of its restricted productivity as foreign sufixes usually do not attach to  native stems.
  
-To find all of the abstract nouns that could be formed by addition of //-ness// and //-ity// we use the following query:+To find all of the abstract nouns that could be formed by addition of //-ness// and //-ity// we use the following (CQL) query :
 ''[word=".*ness"]'' ''[word=".*ness"]''
  
-We form similiar query for //-ity// suffix:+We form similar query for //-ity// suffix:
 ''[word=".*ity"]'' ''[word=".*ity"]''
 <WRAP round tip 40%> <WRAP round tip 40%>
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 |holiness|nobility| |holiness|nobility|
  
-Although the word //city// is listed first in  the list of node forms, //-ity// is part of the stem of the word, not a suffix. There are also some examples of numerals such as //thyrity// or //fity// which are not included in the list. When we compare two lists, it is obvious that //-ness// is added to the domestic stems and these words form the core if English lexis, while //-ity// words represent the vocabulary of higher register.+Although the word //city// is listed first in  the list of node forms, //-ity// is part of the stem of the word, not a suffix. There are also some examples of numerals such as //thyrity// or //fity// which are not included in this list. When we compare two lists, it is obvious that //-ness// is added to the domestic stems. These words constitute the core of English lexis, while //-ity// words represent the vocabulary of higher register.
  
 **Number of node forms** **Number of node forms**
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   * //-ness//:9038    * //-ness//:9038 
 The numbers of node forms for each of the suffixes are surprisingly similar, therefore it seems that productivity of //-ness// is not that much higher as the one of //-ity//. The numbers of node forms for each of the suffixes are surprisingly similar, therefore it seems that productivity of //-ness// is not that much higher as the one of //-ity//.
-However, this is not the whole story. Using, the EEBO corpus, we can also observe how did the productivity of these two suffixes alter over time. We just need to **Specify query according to the meta-information** in the main form and select the period within which we wish to search for node forms.+However, this is not the whole story. Using, the EEBO corpus, we can also observe how the productivity of these two suffixes alter over time. We just need to **Specify query according to the meta-information** in the main form and select the period within which we wish to search for the node forms.
 ^period^1420-1500^1500-1570^1570-1640^1640-1710^ ^period^1420-1500^1500-1570^1570-1640^1640-1710^
 ^-ness|7|101|710|8796| ^-ness|7|101|710|8796|
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +----
  
 +**If you are ready, you can continue to the final lesson in this series, [[en:eebo:multiword|Lesson 8]].**
 +
 +----
  
  

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