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en:eebo:orthography_spelling [2016/08/11 18:25] – [Searching the corpus] Veronika Pojarováen:eebo:orthography_spelling [2018/07/30 14:41] (current) – Václav Cvrček
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-====== Lesson 2: Orthography and Spelling. ====== +====== Lesson 2: Orthography and Spelling ====== 
-The period covered by the EEBO corpus (roughly 1400-1700) is one in which spelling was not as stable as it is in the present day. As a result of this, one word could have a number of forms, and it is necessary to keep this in mind when conducting a corpus search. For example, the word love also appeared with <u>, as in //loue//, but its other variants include //leoue//, //lowe//, //lowfe// and //lovue//. When searching for a specific lexical item, it is always advisable to consult a reliable source, such as OED Online, for all the possible forms (spelling variants) available in the given period.+The period covered by the [[en:cnk:eebo|EEBO corpus]] (roughly 1400-1700) is one in which spelling was not as stable as it is in the present day. As a result of this, one word could have a number of forms, and it is necessary to keep this in mind when conducting a corpus search. For example, the word //love// also appeared with <u>, as in //loue//, but its other variants include //leoue//, //lowe//, //lowfe// and //lovue//. When searching for a specific lexical item, it is always advisable to consult a reliable source, such as [[http://www.oed.com|OED Online]], for all the possible forms (spelling variants) available in the given period.
 ====== Special symbols ====== ====== Special symbols ======
 Although the orthography of Early Modern English is very similar to that which we use today, there are several letters, mostly from Old English, which are no longer in use in Present day English. Although the orthography of Early Modern English is very similar to that which we use today, there are several letters, mostly from Old English, which are no longer in use in Present day English.
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   * representing the open front vowel is the letter “ash” <æ>, also available on the Icelandic keyboard (Íslenska)   * representing the open front vowel is the letter “ash” <æ>, also available on the Icelandic keyboard (Íslenska)
  
-//EEBO_pic01.png The Icelandic keyboard contains the symbols for “thorn” and “ash” which we may need especially when searching in older sections of the corpus//+The Icelandic keyboard contains the symbols for “thorn” and “ash” which we may need especially when searching in older sections of the corpus in [[en:manualy:kontext:index|KonText]]: 
 + 
 +{{:en:eebo:eebo_pic_01.png?direct&300|The Icelandic keyboard in the Kontext interface}}
  
  
 ====== Spelling ====== ====== Spelling ======
 ^ feature ^ description ^ ^ feature ^ description ^
-| **<v> and <u>** | there was no distinction between <v> and <u>; they were variants of a single letter, for example in //vntill// (until), //euill// (evil), //giue vp// (give up)|+| **<v>, <u> and <w>** | there was no distinction between <v> and <u>, and occasionally <w>; they were variants of a single letter, for example in //vntill// (until), //euill// (evil), //giue vp// (give up), //brawe// (brave)|
 | **<y> and <i>** | the letters <y> and <i> were frequently interchanged to represent the close front vowel [i], such as //rayne// (rain) |  | **<y> and <i>** | the letters <y> and <i> were frequently interchanged to represent the close front vowel [i], such as //rayne// (rain) | 
 | **<i> and <j>** | apart from representing the close front vowel , <i> also functioned as a variant of the consonant letter <j>, hence the forms //ielous// (jealous) and //iust// (just) | | **<i> and <j>** | apart from representing the close front vowel , <i> also functioned as a variant of the consonant letter <j>, hence the forms //ielous// (jealous) and //iust// (just) |
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 ''[word="love"]|[word="loue"]'' ''[word="love"]|[word="loue"]''
  
-Keeping in mind that CQL is cases sensitive, and so it is necessary to add the forms with capital letters. When another pair of square brackets ''[]'' is inserted into those which delimit the "word", the items within those square brackets form a set from which only one is selected. Therefore the forms //Love//, //Loue//, //love// and //loue// are all contained in the following query:+Keeping in mind that CQL is case-sensitive, and so it is necessary to add the forms with capital letters. When another pair of square brackets ''[]'' is inserted into those which delimit the "word", the items within those square brackets form a set from which only one is selected. Therefore the forms //Love//, //Loue//, //love// and //loue// are all contained in the following query:
  
 ''[word="[Ll]o[vu]e"]'' ''[word="[Ll]o[vu]e"]''
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 <WRAP round tip 50%> <WRAP round tip 50%>
-Question: We want to find all possible forms of the lexical item represented by //divine//. How should the query be written in order to return as many variants as possible?+Question: We want to find all possible forms of the lexical item //divine//. How should the query be written in order to return as many variants as possible?
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +After consulting an etymological dictionary and also based on our previous experience, we know that we may expect forms such as //diuine//, //deuine//, //dywine//, and //divinne// (among many others). The vowel can be either //e//, //i// or //y//, which is simplified as ''[eiy]''. The same is true of the set ''[uvw]''. The form always contains at least one nasal //n//, while the second is only optional (indicated by the question mark). The final silent //e// is also optional. The resulting query should look like this:
  
 ''[word="[dD][eiy][uvw][iy]nn?e?"]'' ''[word="[dD][eiy][uvw][iy]nn?e?"]''
  
-Frequency -> Node forms provides a listing of all types found with the given query in order of frequency.+**Frequency -> Node forms** provides a list of all types found with the given query in order of their frequency.
  
-//EEBO_pic02.png //+{{:en:eebo:eebo_pic_02.png?direct&300 |}}
  
 A similar example is with the word //godly//: A similar example is with the word //godly//:
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 === Task: Spelling variants === === Task: Spelling variants ===
  
-Na konkrétním případu si ukažme, jak rozdílné výsledky jednotlivé asociační míry poskytují. 
  
 <WRAP round help 50%> <WRAP round help 50%>
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +----
 +
 +**If you are ready, you can continue to [[en:eebo:competing_forms|Lesson 3]].**
 +
 +----

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