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===== Lesson 5: Introduction to metadata ====== | ===== Lesson 5: Introduction to metadata ====== | ||
- | blabla | + | The OBC is particularly useful in studying language change in relation to its social context due to its great amount of textual, sociological, |
+ | **Structural attributes and metadata** | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Old Bailey Corpus consists of 637 court proceedings; | ||
+ | |||
+ | |**“text” structure attributes**|**Description** | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |//type // |text type | | ||
+ | |//uri // |text identifier | ||
+ | |//url // |link to the full account | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |//year // |publication year | | ||
+ | |||
+ | There are two issues to be addressed: firstly, it is the fact that not every variable is always known, therefore some information may occasionally be missing. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Secondly, oftentimes the trials involved multiple defendants (and hence multiple offences, punishments, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The direct speech in the text is tagged as individual utterances, which are assigned the following parameters: | ||
+ | * Sociobiographical: | ||
+ | * Pragmatic: speaker’s role in the court (defendant, lawyer, judge, witness etc.) | ||
+ | * Textual: scribe, printer, publisher of the individual proceedings (these are already provided in the metadata of the text, but providing these parameters at the utterance level makes some type of queries much simpler) | ||
+ | |||
+ | For the full list of attributes of the utterances, see the table below: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |**“utterance” structure attributes**|**Description** | ||
+ | |//editor // | ||
+ | |//id // | ||
+ | |//n // |number of the utterance in the proceedings|// | ||
+ | |//ntrial // | ||
+ | |//period // | ||
+ | |//printer // |printer of the text | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |//scribe // | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |// | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Variation and changes in grammar** | ||
+ | |||
+ | During the 18< | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Searching the corpus** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Verbs in the progressive passive tense are formed by the auxiliary verb //be// followed by the present participle form //being// plus the past participle of a full verb, e.g. //I am being watched//, //the house was being built.// Searching for such constructions is done best by the use of tags (see [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | For the auxiliary verb, we need to search for //am//, //are//, //is//, '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following element is //being//, which is invariable: | ||
+ | |||
+ | '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alternatively, | ||
+ | |||
+ | For the lexical verb, we are looking for all past participles. According to the tagset, this verb form is tagged either as VVN or VVNK. Hence, we can use the shortened version VVN.*. The resulting query should look like this: | ||
+ | |||
+ | '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you wish to see an overview of the structural attributes of the whole concordance along with their frequencies, | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | This will provide you with lists of metainformation with their frequencies. For example, under the // | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is important to note here, that some of the utterances are not tagged fully; in this case, there are 48 utterances that are missing the information about the decade in which they were written. You can use the negative filter (p///n//) to discard them and work only with the fully annotated data. | ||
+ | |||
+ | By clicking on the header of each column, you can change the sorting – alphabetically according to the labels of that attribute (here decades), according to the frequency or i.p.m. Here i.p.m. (Items Per Million) indicates the relative frequency of the given form in relation to the overall size of the part of the corpus tagged with the respective value of the structural attribute (e.g. in this case the number of occurrences per million tokens in each decade). The relative frequency allows for comparison of the number of occurrences in differently-sized parts of the corpus. | ||
+ | |||
+ | By changing the sorting to according to i.p.m. (marked by the little blue arrow), we can prove that the passive progressive tense was an innovation indeed, as the decades are in an almost perfect chronological order: | ||
+ | |||
+ | If you wish to see the metadata of individual occurrences in the corpus, click on the blue ID number at the beginning of the line when viewing the concordance. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here you can see all the information available for the given utterance. As was mentioned above, some information may be missing. You can access the whole text of the proceeding including the scan of the original publication by clicking on the link under // | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP round help 40%> | ||
+ | **Task:** | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Try searching for all occurrences of the **split infinitive** (e.g. //to immediately follow//) and **double comparative** (e.g. //more commoner//) | ||
+ | * Make sure the query type is set to CQL | ||
+ | * Make use of the tags from the tagset | ||
+ | * Look at the text types list and find when, in which contexts (e.g. type of offence) and by whom these structures were most frequently used | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | You will find the solution [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- | ||
+ | |||
+ | **If you are ready, you can continue to [[en: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ---- |