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en:eebo:multiword [2016/09/28 16:40] – veronikapojarova | en:eebo:multiword [2016/11/14 05:08] – [Searching the corpus] kristinavalentinyova |
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====== Lesson 8: Multiword searches====== | ====== Lesson 8: Multiword searches====== |
In the Early Modern English period, there were two different ways of marking the perfect tenses. In the present day, the auxiliary //have// is used for example in the present perfect, as in //It has come to my attention//. However, as late as the eighteenth century, the perfect tenses could be marked with the auxiliary //to be//. These two markings were more or less in complementary distribution, i.e. they were used with different types of verbs. According to the [[http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-time/grammar-in-early-modern-english/|OED ]], //to be// was the preferred way of forming the perfect verbs of motion, while //to have// was used in most other cases. Shakespeare normally uses the auxiliary //to be// with //creep, enter, flee, go, meet, retire, ride, and run//. | In the Early Modern English period, there were two different ways of marking the perfect tense. In the present day, the auxiliary //have// is used to form the present perfect, as in //It has come to my attention//. However, as late as the eighteenth century, the perfect tenses could be marked with the auxiliary //to be//. These two markings were more or less in complementary distribution, i.e. they were used with different types of verbs. According to the [[http://public.oed.com/aspects-of-english/english-in-time/grammar-in-early-modern-english/|OED ]], //to be// was the preferred way of forming the perfect verbs of motion, while //to have// was used in most other cases. Shakespeare normally uses the auxiliary //to be// with //creep, enter, flee, go, meet, retire, ride, and run//. |
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====== Searching the corpus ====== | ====== Searching the corpus ====== |
''([word="am"]|[word="are"]|[word="[iy]s"]|[word="has"]|[word="ha[uv]e"])[word="ar?ri[uv]ed"]'' | ''([word="am"]|[word="are"]|[word="[iy]s"]|[word="has"]|[word="ha[uv]e"])[word="ar?ri[uv]ed"]'' |
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Frequency -> Node forms provides a listing of all types found with the given query in order of frequency. Below are the results of the search viewed as node forms. | **Frequency -> Node forms** provides a listing of all types found with the given query in order of frequency. Below are the results of the search viewed as node forms. |
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{{:en:eebo:eebo_pic_08.png?direct&300 |}} | {{:en:eebo:eebo_pic_08.png?direct&300 |}} |
A number of things can be done at this stage, including a survey of the i.p.m. by period. | A number of things can be done at this stage, including a survey of the i.p.m. by period. |
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Frequency → Text Types on the menu bar shows us a list of frequencies by period and by decade. By default, the results are ordered by frequency. By clicking on the text doc.decade we can order the results chronologically. | **Frequency → Text Types** on the menu bar shows us a list of frequencies by period and by decade. By default, the results are ordered by frequency. By clicking on the text doc.decade we can order the results chronologically. |
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[[en:eebo:competing_forms|Lesson Three]] gives an example of how such data could be converted into a graph. | [[en:eebo:competing_forms|Lesson Three]] gives an example of how such data could be converted into a graph. |
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<WRAP round tip 50%> | <WRAP round tip 50%> |
Remember that the construction //to be + past participle// is also used as a means of expressing passive voice. This difficulty does not arise with //arrive//, we must keep the possibility in mind when searching for transitive verbs. In the case of a verb such as //enter//, where the phrase //is entered// can potentially have both the perfect and passive meanings, there is unfortunately not much we can do to eliminate the undesired variant. | Remember that the construction //to be + past participle// is also used as a means of expressing passive voice. This difficulty does not arise with //arrive//, we must keep this possibility in mind when searching for transitive verbs. In the case of a verb such as //enter//, where the phrase //is entered// can potentially have both the perfect and passive meanings, there is unfortunately not much we can do to eliminate the undesired variant. |
Another complication arises from the use of the participle as adjective, for example //I am ashamed of...// | Another complication arises from the use of the participle as adjective, for example //I am ashamed of...// |
</WRAP> | </WRAP> |